Sanitation During the Black Death - 1767 Words

The Sanitation Problems of the Black Death The bubonic plague is a bacterial disease that is considered one of the most lethal in history. Recorded pandemics of the plague reach back to 541 A.D. and minor epidemics can still be found around the world (Plague). The plague consists of a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. This bacterium has the ability to mutate quickly and can easily destroy the immune system of the infected person, â€Å"it does this by injecting toxins into defense cells such as macrophages that are tasked with detecting bacterial infections. Once these cells are knocked out, the bacteria can multiply unhindered.† (Plague) The bubonic plague has a number of symptoms ranging from a headache to seizures. The most distinguishable†¦show more content†¦Fleas would travel from one host to another breeding and expanding to all realms of Europe (The Black Death, a Bubonic Plague of Great Dimension) Sanitation was a serious problem within Europe and the lack of proper care escalated the rodent problem e ven farther. During the pandemic of bubonic plague sanitation was at an all-time low. Cities suffered the greatest, with the disease spreading quickly. The lack of a safe system for waste disposal in these areas allowed for the disease to spread rapidly. The use of chamber pots was an example of the poor waste disposal. Chamber pots were small to medium sized bowls used for holding excretion. The contents of the chamber pots would then be tossed into the streets. Both sides of the streets were lined with trenches that would hold the human waste and other garbage; this became the perfect opportunity for disease to flourish. â€Å"Almost everyone used privies or chamber pots, which were emptied into open sewers that typically fed into streams, creeks, or adjacent rivers† (Streich). Not only was the filth repulsive in smell, but it also carried other airborne diseases which weakened the immune system thus a more catastrophic impact on the peasants. By the second year of pandemic the plague had killed an estimated 25 million (Plague) of the peasantry, nobility, and clergy. Nobody was immune to the disease. The poor sanitation became a massive issue with the lack ofShow MoreRelatedThe Sanitation Workers Strike Of 19681713 Words   |  7 Pagesused to describe The Memphis Sanitation Workers’ Strike of 1968. Reverend Albert Hibbler came up with the sign â€Å"I Am a Man† meaning I am not going to take [expletive] anymore.1However, those words (I Am a Man) come off as a little too aggressive, even slightly imposing, which is something that does not capture the essence of this strike. Because, the sanitation workers were not protesting to impose their will or were even trying to start a fight. What the sanitation workers wanted was to be recognizedRead MoreEssay on Black Death with Wings of Light1479 Words   |  6 Pagesstruck mankind, the Black Death? This song describes the main symptom of the Black Death, which is the formation of infected b lack rings on skin. The Black Death is a disease that first arrived in Europe in 1347 through a ship with rats and fleas contaminated with Yersinia pestis bacteria. This bacteria has the capability of taking one’s life within 48 hours (MedicineNet). In 1340s, the plague victimized countless numbers of people. Fortunately, the plague temporarily subsided during the RenaissanceRead MoreThe Black Death : The Bubonic Plague Of The Thirteen Thousands Swept Through Europe Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Hurst Dr. Reedy College English 13 October 2016 The Black Death The bubonic plague of the thirteen hundreds swept through Europe, claiming the lives of one-third of its population in merely three years. This was the most horrific epidemic the world has seen to date. Poor sanitation practices, improper burial of corpses, and insufficient systems for waste removal were important factors in allowing the plague to manifest (Byrne 31). Infected fleas and rats, brought by trade ships and theRead MoreThe Origin Of The Black Plague892 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Death without sorrow, marriage without affection, want without poverty, and flight without escape.† When you look up the word â€Å"without†, Merriam Webster defines the word as â€Å"not having or including (something).† When I think of the people of the 14th century spanning from the coast of Europe to the far shores of Asia I think they were without. Without the basic sanitation, without the means of having food to keep them from malnourishment. Millions of people did this till the plague took over. ToRead MoreWhat if Modern Knowledge Had Been Applied to the Black Plague673 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the Black Plague, 1/3 of Europe’s population vanished. The reason is the poor education of the public and the terrible government policies. People were oppressed by the Catholic Church’s reign and scientists were killed on the spot for doing their job. To the people living in that time, the human race was all but lost. However, with the political and scientific knowledge of today, these problems were easily mendable. There are three simple methods that could have created a utopian societyRead MoreEssay about Life and Death in The Middle Ages1456 Words   |  6 Pagesstate of poverty not only leaves inadequate nutrition, but also unclean, contaminated water and living conditions. In past centuries the average lifespan was shorten due to economic situations such as famine, starvation, infections disease, and even death. In medieval time food and feasting were great past times. The extent to which the people of this time period could enjoy the variety of food we enjoy today, as well as many other aspects of medieval life depended on a person wealth and station inRead MoreThe Black Death Is The Murderer Of Millions1312 Words   |  6 Pages1 Honors 24 March 2016 The Black Death The Black Death, which was the murderer of millions. People in the 1300’s were dying from a virus, that made them feel like they were in a nightmare. The Bubonic plague killed over â…“ of the European population, which was twenty million people, just in the first few years of the plague hitting Europe. Historians witnessing the plague describe it as horrific, disturbing, and a punishment from God. The Bubonic plague, or Black death, was the most devastating pandemicsRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Bubonic Plague1304 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death The Black Death also known as the Bubonic plague was a deadly disease that swept through Europe in the late 1340s to the early 1350s, wiping out over twenty five to forty million people. It is called the Black Death because when victims got sick, they developed massive bulges on their bodies that turned purple and black. The bubonic plague originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likelyRead MoreWhy The Bathroom Is A Basic Necessity1241 Words   |  5 PagesPradesh state, two sisters were found hanging in a mango tree after they were gang raped (Hjelmgaard). The two girls, aged 14 and 15, â€Å"had gone into the fields near where they lived because there was no toilet in their home† (Hjelmgaard). The girls’ deaths could have been easily prevented if they had a toilet in their home (McCarthy). These girls were not alone. Goldberg adds that, â€Å"Every 30 minutes a woman in India is raped, and it’s often the impoverished women who relieve themselves in the open whoRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death took place in Europe during the fourteenth century. To the people of the time, facts about the disease were unknown until people started to notice problems that other people were having. The Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun M

Overcoming Marginalization - 1408 Words

Jingwei Zhang English for Academic Discourse: 2 George Schroefper Essay1-First Rough Draft The Key of Overcoming Marginalization THIS IS IMPORTANT: LOOK CAREFULLY AT WHAT YOU HAVE. ASK YOURSELF IF THERE IS ANY REPETITION? DO YOU FEEL THAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT THE SAME IDEA MORE THAN ONCE? HERE IS A SUGGESTION: YOU WRITE ABOUT SOCIAL POWER. IN BAMBARA, WHAT MIGHT SYLVIA DO WITH SOCIAL POWER? WHAT COULD SHE CHANGE IF SHE HAD IT—AND WHY? COULD SYLVIA MAYBE BECOME AS POWERFUL AS HAROLD BROWNING—OR MORE POWERFUL? Success in America usually depends on family background, family income and other factors. Race, gender and classes have an effect on the way of success. ADD A COUPLE OF SENTENCES HERE TO DEVELOP THIS IDEA In â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦CAN SOMEONE UNDERSTAND POVERTY BETTER IF THAT PERSON IS EDUCATED? HERE IS A SUGGESTION FOR A TRANSITION: WHY NOT SAY THAT IF ONE HAS THE EDUCATION THEN HE OR SHE CAN LEARN HOW TO REPOSITION HIMSELF IN SOCIETY. HE CAN CHANGE HIS CLASS STANDING. BY CHANGING HIS OR HER STANDING THE PERSON THEN CAN GAIN SOCIAL POWER. Social status means power, economic standing means money. However, one of the myths in â€Å"Class in America† is that the United States is fundamentally a classless society. Class distinctions are largely irrelevant today, and whatever differences do exist in economic standing, they are –for the most part—insignificant. In this statement, it seems that class standing is unimportant anymore. But it is just an America dream. DOES THIS MEAN THAT POWER IS ALL IMPORTANT IN AMERICA In other hand, Mantsios also mention the reality which we find enormous class difference in the life-style among the haves, the have-nots, and the have-little. So in this statement, different class standing will cause the difference in life-sty le and the attitude of life. We can find support in â€Å"The lesson†, Bambara described two different situations between Junebug and Mercedes. Junebug mentioned that I do not even have a desk. To contrary, Mercedes mentioned that I do, I have a box of stationery on my desk and a picture of my cat. Comparing those two different situations, it’s easy to see that one is in lower class; the one also isShow MoreRelatedWorkers of the Progressive Era1047 Words   |  5 PagesProgressive Era: Working Class Workers during the gilded age were marginalized by their working conditions, low income, and limited working hours. To overcome the marginalization for the working class, they created labor movements and went on strikes. Although the workers had created many strikes and labor unions, they were at the least successful. Workers were marginalized by the poor working conditions they had. A lot of the time the workers feared goingRead MoreAnalysis Of New Moon 952 Words   |  4 Pagesideal for readers to follow. Feminists have continuously fought the trope of â€Å"damsel in distress† to end the romanticization of women’s victimhood and subordination. Although the Twilight saga had the potential to illustrate Bella realizing and overcoming her shortcomings and fighting her own battles, the novel envelops the life of a static and incapable character who sets a poor example for readers. Due to the restrictive romantic narrative that Twilight indulges, Bella isn’t able to develop. SheRead MoreSummary Of Roselily898 Words   |  4 Pageshas ever done it. If she ever will.† (57). This short story relates to Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat†, where a young woman named Delia is in an extremely degrading, abusive, and ungodly marriage. â€Å"Sweat† is a women’s empowerment text about Delia overcoming her abusive husband, and is filled with an ample amount of symbolism. Delia is a washerwoman, which is a symbol of the back-breaking labor women in this time had to endure. Her husband then comes home to tease her with a long slim whip and pretendsRead MoreDiscriminatory Practice In Health And Social Care2592 Words   |  11 Pagesdiscriminatory practices mentioned in Task 1 on the service users residing in this care home. When someone is being discriminated this will probably lead to many problems such as the person can be marginalization, having low self-esteem, disempowerment, restricted opportunities and many more. Marginalization: Marginalization is a process of a person or sometimes even whole communities that can be denied access to various rights, resources and opportunities that normally are given to other people. Someone whoRead MoreAfrican Americans And Identity Of African American1169 Words   |  5 Pagescontinues the frustrating living conditions for black people, and continues to make being black in America a constant struggle. Culture impacts circumstance and circumstance influences identity which can be either beneficial or detrimental. Ones’ overcoming of their circumstance will lead them to be identified as a conqueror. This can be detrimental because it gives an incorrect scope of ones true identity. The focus of this paper will be on the lives and identity of African American. In todays societyRead MoreHigh Level Of Stress And Its Effects On The New Environment1394 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges can generate personal talents, strengths and as well as distress and sense of burden, this distress occurred in my case as it was difficult to complement academic progress with co curricular initiatives (adapting to the new environment, overcoming cultural/language barriers, what to learn and how to develop knowledge and skills to prepare for my professional career). 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The three protective factors suggests the influence of positive support and optimism as contributors in overcoming gender-related abuse, psychological gender-related abuse, and suicidal ideation. Elderly (Ages 60 and up) Elderly transgender individuals have their own assortment of psychosocial and relational concerns that are associated with their identifiedRead MoreStructure, Sign And Play On The Discourse Of Human Sciences1524 Words   |  7 PagesDerrida: Structure, sign and play in the discourse of human sciences. While understanding Derrida, many scholars consider early life of Derrida as a marginalized European and being a Jew has special significance1. He later theorized that marginalization in terms of absence , a loaded term in Derrida s works which we will visit later in this chapter. It was a high-time for existentialism, phenomenology and structuralism represented many renowned thinkers like Husserl, Sartre, Strauss, and othersRead MoreEssay Rigoberta Menchus Book1608 Words   |  7 Pagesconvinced by the author’s analysis. In this section you should also identify and assess the effectiveness of possible strategies for overcoming the two key issues you’ve selected for your paper. You may suggest alternative strategies from those mentioned in the book as part of your conclusion (e.g. as questions or avenues for future research). Social Marginalization and Legal Reform are two key issues that Rigoberta addresses numerous times and that clearly contribute to, if not to be blamed for

Managing Human Resources Customer Based Brand Equity

Question: Discuss about the Managing Human Resourcesfor Customer Based Brand Equity. Answer: Introduction The paper focuses on the managing the human resources of McDonald. The main purpose of the essay is to develop the skills of HRM theories and models that is related to the attraction and retention of employees. Various theories that support the recognition scheme of McDonalds are discussed in brief. It finds out if the approaches can be applied to a not for profit organization like Spastic Centre. The organizational structure of McDonald refers to the value, tradition and habits, which can influence the behaviour of the employees. For this strong organizational culture McDonald became the most powerful business in Australia. Key words: human resources, McDonald, salary package, recognition scheme McDonald is a renowned company in Australia, which has the largest employers and approximately 75,000 people. The culture of McDonald is very strong for the future leaders so that they can develop themselves. The main purpose of the essay is to develop the skills of HRM theories and models that is related to the attraction and retention of employees. This also includes the performance management, career progression and typical business analysis. The assignment focuses on the recognition scheme that supports the culture of McDonald and attracts the future leaders. Various theories that support the recognition scheme of McDonalds are discussed in brief. The assignment also tries to find out the approaches of McDonald to manage the human resources. It finds out if the approaches can be applied to a non profit organization like Spastic Centre. McDonald may have two recognition schemes that support the culture of McDonald and also attract the future leaders. The first scheme is retaining talent with the salary packaging and the second one is staff appreciation with the recognition scheme. The retaining talent with salary packaging can support the culture of McDonald as the main purpose of the company is to attract employees and customers. The organizational structure of McDonald refers to the value, tradition and habits, which can influence the behaviour of the employees. According to Collings (2014), it is important for an organization to encourage the employees so that they can various things from the organizational culture. However, the organizational culture of McDonald encourages the employees in learning. For this strong organizational culture McDonald became the most powerful business in Australia. The retaining talent with the salary packaging will help the employers to motivate the employees and will provide a chance to find out the suitable talent. However, Ndede-Amadi, Snead and Johnson (2015) argued that retaining talent with the salary packaging can have negative impact also. This may motivate the employees but can create discrimination. Retaining talent with the salary packaging can attract more employees and future leaders so that they can extend their business worldwide. The main goal of McDonald is to priorities the needs and improvement of the employees who work in McDonald (McDonald's Australia. 2017). Therefore, the scheme will help the organization to fulfil their needs and motivate them to improve themselves. Strohmeier (2014) mentioned that awarding system always motivate the employees, which help to increase the productivity. McDonald can include various offers in the retaining talent with the salary packaging. As McDonald has staffs of teenage who works to continue their studies and maintain other needs of life, therefore the scheme will attract them and will retain the talented employees. Taylor (2014) opined that this scheme can improve the organizational culture of McDonald. However, the management of McDonald should provide the scheme to the efficient employees and leaders only. The scheme can help to achieve the goals of the employees that will develop the organizational culture. The business quality can be developed by the scheme of re taining talent with the salary packaging (Pepper Gore, 2015). The employees always deserve rewards for their good works and this is the best way to respect their efforts. Staff appreciation with the recognition scheme is necessary for the organization. This helps the management of McDonalds to identify the efficient employees and leaders of the company that will be provided the recognition scheme. McDonald can arrange annual award ceremony program where the employees will be awarded. The employees will be given annual bonus or incentive. Employees deserve appreciation for their goods works and appreciation always motivates the employees. This will help to find out the talented future leaders and employees who have the ability to lead the company. The annual ceremony will help to show the talent of the efficient employees to others that will encourage others also. The nomination may include outstanding customer service, outstanding team and outstanding leadership. As McDonald finds a strong way to maintain their culture of price, product, people, place and promotion, therefore the recognition scheme can help to improve the 5-Ps of McDonald. Nadolny and Ryan (2015) mention that recognition policy helps to develop the HRM of a company and therefore the productivity and reputation. As McDonald focuses on their employees and recognition scheme influences the team spirit therefore the scheme is suitable for the organization. However, the recognition scheme of McDonald is much popular and efficient as well as their HRM policies. This awarding program efficiently pulls up various talented employees as the future leaders. Zarkada-Fraser and Fraser (2015) mentioned that the strong HRM policy and such recognition schemes make McDonald successful and helps to retain their market position. On the other hand Thornton et al., (2016) argued that McDonald needs to develop the organizational policies and schemes for future to make the comparative advantage. In this way the recognition schemes can support the culture of McDonald and attract the future leaders. The expectancy theory supports the recognition scheme of McDonald. According to Yuen and Cheng (2015), the expectancy theory refers to the behaviour of an individual in a specific way. This is because the employees are motivated to choose the particular behaviour over existing behaviour that they expect. Expectancy theory shows the attractiveness of jobs. This includes the valance, expectancy and instrumentality. Valance is the desirability of reward to a particular person. Expectancy is the belief that the efforts of the employee will affect the performance. Instrumentality is the performance of the employee that is perceived as the reward security. The theory explains the job performance at the workplace with regards to the expectation of employees in the workplace. Ernst (2014) mentioned the efficient people of a workplace deserve the reward on the basis of their expectation and behaviour or job performance. In McDonald, the efficient people try to give their best performance that made a huge change in the workplace. However, Nadolny and Ryan (2015) argued that there are three factors that can influence the successful performance of employees. These include the ability of the employees to perform to the desired standard, perception of employees role and required organizational resources. Organizational resources support the employees performance and their job role. McDonald provides a friendly environment to their employees so that they can work freely and develop their job performance. In view of, the good performance should be motivated and rewarded, which the employees expect. In case of McDonald, they can motivate their employees by the giving money as a reward. Tis can include profit sharing, bonus and stock option. Rose (2014) stated that the expectancy theory is the motivation of the employees that is an outcome of the need of reward of the employees. The factor of effort level dependency of individuals is effort to the performance expectancy, outcome valance and performance to the outcome expectancy. All the three factors help to motivate the employees to work hard and get the incentive as a reward. Ernst (2014) opined that the employees should have positive attitude towards their works that will help them in self motivation. The expectancy theory has various interests, which is based on the self interest and the expectation of the employees who wants maximum satisfaction and minimizes the dissatisfaction. This theory focuses on the psychological development of the employees and therefore motivates the employees. The rewards will encourage the job performance but not the job satisfaction. Job satisfaction depends on the ranges of the belief of employees that if the reward is proper according to their performance. The management of McDonald needs to check that if the reward system is meeting the job satisfaction or not. Expectancy theory indicates that increased rate of rewards is linked with the performance and motivates the job performance and job satisfaction. Collings (2014) argued that monetary rewards not only raise the extrinsic motivation but also decrease the intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is the motivation that is gained by the external rewards line money, grades, praise and fame (Pepper Gore, 2015). In some cases the external motivation cannot motivate the employees much. On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation refers to the self motivation that an employee gets form self motivation. In this type of motivation, the employee enjoys his or her workman therefore; the employee gets performance rewards with the job satisfaction. In case of McDonald, the employees need intrinsic motivation as they need the job satisfaction with the rewards. Ndede-Amadi, Snead and Johnson (2015) mentioned that the monetary incentives can spoil the intrinsic motivation therefore, the employees lo st interest in their jobs. Op de Beeck, Wynen and Hondeghem (2016) argued that the monetary incentives affect in very low amount in the workplace settings. In case of workplace, money plays a strong role to motivate the employees. McDonald needs to provide money as incentives or bonus to the employees to motivate them. However, money always cannot motivate the employees so the management needs to appreciate the employees for their good works. The employees also can be included in the organizational development, which can be another motivational factor for the employees. This can make the employees realise their roles and responsibilities of employees. They can also promote their employees for the severe good performance. The approach of McDonald to manage the human resources can be directly applicable in a not for profit organization like Spastic Centre. The service of McDonald is less than one percent of the population of world. The brand image, experienced HR management, strong operational system, unique international infrastructure and high quality foods made McDonald the best brand of the World. The key point of the success is the best quality management of McDonald. They provide varieties of foods to their customers and therefore gain the customer satisfaction. They apply innovative ideas and technology in their management system. The HR management of McDonalds tries to balance the employees and employers relationship and creates a strong bonding with the customers (Anselmsson et al., 2016). They try to satisfy their internal customers as this is the key step to reach to the external customers. The HR department has various responsibilities and activities to perform. They select and recruit the employees. If the employees need any kind of training, they arrange training session for the development of the employees. They always look for the benefits of the employees and give incentives to the efficient employees. They look after the health and safety issues of the employees and provide performance appraisal to the employees who deserve this. The mission statement of McDonald is that the employees need to worry about money rather they should focus on their performance and love their work. Op de Beeck, Wynen and Hondeghem (2016) mentioned that in the retail sector, the customers should get the first priority. However, McDonald provides main priority to the customers. As a non profit organization, Spastic Centre also needs to focus on their customers and recruit efficient employees so that they can provide best quality work to their customers (spastic centre. 2017). As they work for the development of common people therefore they need to focus on the individual. The organization mainly provides the life skill programs, therapies and support to the people with cerebral palsy. This includes the babies, teenagers, children and adults. To develop the organizational performance, they can provide training to the employees who work for them. They raise funds for the people with cerebral palsy. They need to motivate their employees and make groups of efficient employees to promote their service. As McDonald, they need to gain the customer satisfaction to develop their position internationally. McDonald recruits people who are able to think and express themselves by learning new things. The growth of the performance of the employees promotes the growth of the company (Dundon Wilkinson, 2014). The management of McDonald always look for the fresh candidates who want to work in the retail sectors. They provide training to the fresher candidates so that they can easily understand their responsibilities. They hire new employees on the basis of their merits and avoid the biasness like race, gender, age, nationality, religion and colour. McDonald forecasts on the two models for the techniques. The models are transaction count per man hour and sales per man hour. They perform two types of recruitments like external and internal requirement. Internal requirement includes the job posting and external requirement involves the advertisement in the print media, advertisement on the websites, walk in interviews and internship programs (Marler Fisher, 2013). Their advertisements are very attractive, which catch the customers mainly the children. Their selection process is also very innovative. After receiving huge application from the candidates, the HR manager short lists some application. After that, they arrange a written test for the applicants. This test decides the knowledge of the candidates in this field. Spastic Centre can also arrange written test for the candidates. After that thee selected candidates are called for the initial interview (Armstrong, 2014). After that the HR manager checks the references that the candidates provide, if the references are valid or not. If the references are valid then the selected then the candidates are called for the final interview. The interview process of McDonald involves five stages. The panel of the interviewers consists of five or six people. Spastic Centre can adopt this interview process to develop the organization. McDonald needs to focus on the service differentiation strategy to maintain their position as the superior restaurant. Service differentiation strategy is the offer of superior service to the targeted right customer. For the development of the business, they need to provide training to the employees and make well planned training programs. This will help the organization to make profit and develop the business. Integrated promotion mix can be implemented by McDonald to balance the modern and traditional digital media for the promotion of the brand (Parry, Stavrou Lazarova, 2013). They can provide various offers like additional staffs with the ordered staffs to attract more customers. It can be concluded on the basis of the above discussion that McDonald has various scopes to develop and also can develop their HR Management to attract more customers and retain the number one position in the market. They need to motivate their employees so that they can develop their performance and gain the customer satisfaction. Their advertisements are very attractive, which catch the customers mainly the children. However, their recruitment procedure is very strong, which Spastic Centre, a non profit organization can apply to their organization for the development. McDonald recruits people who are able to think and express themselves by learning new things. References Anselmsson, J., Anselmsson, J., Bondesson, N., Bondesson, N., Melin, F., Melin, F. (2016). Customer-based brand equity and human resource management image: do retail customers really care about HRM and the employer brand?.European Journal of Marketing,50(7/8), 1185-1208. Armstrong, P. (2014). Limits and possibilities for HRM in an age of management accountancy.New Perspectives On Human Resource Management op. cit. at, 154-166. Collings, D. G. (2014). Toward mature talent management: Beyond shareholder value.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(3), 301-319. Dundon, T., Wilkinson, A. J. (2014).Case Studies in Global Management: Strategy, Innovation and People Management. Tilde Publishing and Distribution. Ernst, D. (2014). Expectancy theory outcomes and student evaluations of teaching.Educational Research and Evaluation,20(7-8), 536-556. Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. McDonald's Australia. (2017). Mcdonalds.com.au. McDonald's Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2017, from https://mcdonalds.com.au/ Nadolny, A., Ryan, S. (2015). McUniversities revisited: a comparison of university and McDonald's casual employee experiences in Australia.Studies in Higher Education,40(1), 142-157. Nadolny, A., Ryan, S. (2015). McUniversities revisited: a comparison of university and McDonald's casual employee experiences in Australia.Studies in Higher Education,40(1), 142-157. Ndede-Amadi, A. A., Snead, K. C., Johnson, W. A. (2015). Expectancy theory as the basis for activity-based costing systems implementation by managers. Op de Beeck, S., Wynen, J., Hondeghem, A. (2016). HRM implementation by line managers: explaining the discrepancy in HR-line perceptions of HR devolution.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,27(17), 1901-1919. Parry, E., Stavrou, E., Lazarova, M. (Eds.). (2013).Global trends in human resource management. Springer. Pepper, A., Gore, J. (2015). Behavioral agency theory: New foundations for theorizing about executive compensation.Journal of management,41(4), 1045-1068. Rose, M. (2014).Reward management(Vol. 5). Kogan Page Publishers. spastic centre. (2017). cerebralpalsy.org.au. Retrieved 6 February 2017, from https://www.cerebralpalsy.org.au/ Strohmeier, S. (2014, January). Sustainable Electronic Human Resources Management: Why Information Technology Matters in Sustainable Human Resources Management. InBeyond Sustainability(pp. 219-243). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Taylor, S. (2014).Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. Routledge. Thornton, L. E., Ball, K., Lamb, K. E., McCann, J., Parker, K., Crawford, D. A. (2016). The impact of a new McDonald's restaurant on eating behaviours and perceptions of local residents: A natural experiment using repeated cross-sectional data.Health place,39, 86-91. Yuen, S. S., Cheng, C. (2015).Quality Management Measures in Food Supply Chain: An(No. 2). Working Paper Series. Zarkada-Fraser, A., Fraser, C. (2015). Integrating social and economic orientated marketing: A study of retail management. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 219-223). Springer International Publishing.

Netspeak An Analysis Of Internet Jargon Essays - Internet Memes

Netspeak: An Analysis Of Internet Jargon Approximately 30 million people world-wide use the Internet and online services daily. The Net is growing exponentially in all areas, and a rapidly increasing number of people are finding themselves working and playing on the Internet. The people on the Net are not all rocket scientists and computer programmers; they're graphic designers, teachers, students, artists, musicians, feminists, Rush Limbaugh-fans, and your next door neighbors. What these diverse groups of people have in common is their language. The Net community exists and thrives because of effective written communication, as on the net all you have available to express yourself are typewritten words. If you cannot express yourself well in written language, you either learn more effective ways of communicating, or get lost in the shuffle. "Netspeak" is evolving on a national and international level. The technological vocabulary once used only by computer programmers and elite computer manipulators called "Hackers," has spread to all users of computer networks. The language is currently spoken by people on the Internet, and is rapidly spilling over into advertising and business. The words "online," "network," and "surf the net" are occuring more and more frequently in our newspapers and on television. If you're like most Americans, you're feeling bombarded by Netspeak. Television advertisers, newspapers, and international businesses have jumped on the "Information Superhighway" bandwagon, making the Net more accessible to large numbers of not-entirely-technically-oriented people. As a result, technological vocabulary is entering into non-technological communication. For example, even the archaic UNIX command "grep," (an acronym meaning Get REpeated Pattern) is becoming more widely accepted as a synonym of "search" in everyday communication. The argument rages as to whether Netspeak is merely slang, or a jargon in and of itself. The language is emerging based loosely upon telecommunications vocabulary and computer jargons, with new derivations and compounds of existing words, and shifts creating different usages; all of which depending quite heavily upon clippings. Because of these reasons, the majority of Net- using linguists classify Netspeak as a dynamic jargon in and of itself, rather than as a collection of slang. Linguistically, the most interesting feature of Netspeak is its morphology. Acronyms and abbreviations make up a large part of Net jargon. FAQ (Frequently Asked Question), MUD (Multi-User- Dungeon), and URL (Uniform Resource Locator) are some of the most frequently seen TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms) on the Internet. General abbreviations abound as well, in more friendly and conversationally conducive forms, such as TIA (Thanks In Advance), BRB (Be Right Back), BTW (By The Way), and IMHO (In My Humble Opinion.) These abbreviations can be baffling to new users, and speaking in abbreviations takes some getting used to. Once users are used to them, though, such abbreviations are a nice and easy way of expediting communication. Derivation is another method by which many words are formed. The word Internet itself is the word "net" with the prefix "inter-" added to it. Another interesting example is the word "hypertext," used to describe the format of one area of the Internet, the WWW (World Wide Web). The WWW is made up of millions of pages of text with "hotlinks" that allow the user to jump to another page with different information on it. "Hypertext," derived by adding the prefix "hyper-" to the word "text," produces the definition "a method of storing data through a computer program that allows a user to create and link fields of information at will and to retrieve the data nonsequentially," according to Webster's College Dictionary. Proper names also make a large impact on the vocabulary of Net users. Archie, Jughead, and Veronica are all different protocols for searching different areas of the Internet for specific information. Another new use of proper names is for descriptive purposes. For example, the proper-name turned descriptive noun/verb/adjective "Gabriel" has come to be understood as a stalling tactic, or a form of filibustering; "He's pulling a Gabriel," or "He's in Gabriel mode." Most frequently, this type of name-borrowing happens due to highly and widely visible actions by an individual on the Internet. Onomatopoeias are also widely found in net jargon, as it's often necessary to get across an action such as a sigh or moan, without having sound capabilities to send the sound itself. Very frequently net users will use asterisks to denote such sounds as *sigh* or *moan.* Semantically, net jargon is also quite interesting. Many, many words used in net jargon are taken from regular English and applied to new ideas or protocols. For example, a gopher is not a furry rodent on the Internet; a gopher is a software program designed to gopher through the vast amount of information so that the user can find what she's looking